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The Stolen Generations (also known as Stolen Children) were the children of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent who were removed from their families by the Australian Federal and State government agencies and church missions, under acts of their respective parliaments. The removals occurred in the period between approximately 1905〔Marten, J.A., (2002), ''Children and War'', NYU Press, New York, p. 229 ISBN 0-8147-5667-0〕 and 1969,〔 〕 although in some places children were still being taken until the 1970s.〔In its submission to the ''Bringing Them Home'' report, the Victorian government stated that "despite the apparent recognition in government reports that the interests of Indigenous children were best served by keeping them in their own communities, the number of Aboriginal children forcibly removed continued to increase, rising from 220 in 1973 to 350 in 1976" ((''Bringing Them Home'': "Victoria" )).〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=4704.0 - The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, Oct 2010 )〕 Documentary evidence, such as newspaper articles and reports to parliamentary committees, suggest a range of rationales. Motivations evident include child protection, beliefs that given their catastrophic population decline after white contact that Aboriginal people would die out, and a fear of miscegenation by full-blooded Aboriginal people. Some historians dispute that substantial numbers of Aboriginal children were ever forcibly taken from their families, and that those that were were mainly to protect the children from abuse, as still happens today. ==Emergence of the child removal policy== One view suggests that the motivation and purpose of the laws providing for the removal of Aboriginal children from their parents was child protection, with government policy makers and officials responding to an observed need to provide protection for neglected, abused or abandoned mixed-descent children.〔Peter Howson, (Legal Notes: The Stolen Generations True Believers Take One Step Back, ''National Observer'', No. 49, Winter 2001 ).〕 An example of the abandonment of mixed race children in the 1920s is given in a report by Walter Baldwin Spencer〔(Article on Baldwin Spencer ) in the Australian Dictionary of Biography.〕 that many mixed-descent children born during construction of The Ghan railway were abandoned at early ages with no one to provide for them. This incident and others spurred the need for state action to provide for and protect such children.〔Peter Howson, (Academia's Sorry Obsession: Manne et al. would help Aborigines more by looking at the present, not the past, ''The Age'', 3 April 2001 ) on the Institute for Private Enterprise website.〕 Other 19th- and early 20th-century contemporaneous documents indicate that the policy of removing Aboriginal children from their parents related to different beliefs: that given the catastrophic population decline of Aboriginal people after white contact that they would die out, that the full-blood tribal Aboriginal population would be unable to sustain itself, and was doomed to inevitable extinction.〔Neville, AO (1930). ''West Australian'', 18 April.〕〔Western Australia State Archives, 993/423/38, "Absorption of Half Castes into the White Population".〕〔Russell McGregor, ''Imagined Destinies. Aboriginal Australians and the Doomed Race Theory, 1900–1972'', Melbourne: MUP, 1997.〕 This supposed that the civilisation of northern Europeans was superior to that of Aborigines, based on comparative technological advancement. Some adherents to these beliefs considered any proliferation of mixed-descent children (labelled half-castes,〔〔Anderson, Warwick. ''The Cultivation of Whiteness: Science, Health and Racial Destiny in Australia''. 2003, p. 308.〕 'crossbreeds', quadroons and octoroons〔Anderson, Warwick. ''The Cultivation of Whiteness: Science, Health and Racial Destiny in Australia''. 2003, p. 231.〕) to be a threat to the nature and stability of the prevailing civilisation, or to a perceived racial or civilisational "heritage".〔Anderson, Warwick. ''The Cultivation of Whiteness: Science, Health and Racial Destiny in Australia''. 2003, p. 160.〕 For example, in the 1930s, the Northern Territory Protector of Natives, Dr. Cecil Cook, perceived the continuing rise in numbers of "half-caste" children as a problem. His proposed solution was: Generally by the fifth and invariably by the sixth generation, all native characteristics of the Australian Aborigine are eradicated. The problem of our half-castes will quickly be eliminated by the complete disappearance of the black race, and the swift submergence of their progeny in the white. Similarly, the Chief Protector of Aborigines in Western Australia, A. O. Neville, wrote in an article for ''The West Australian'' in 1930: One factor, however, seems clear; atavism is not in evidence so far as colour is concerned. Eliminate in future the full-blood and the white and one common blend will remain. Eliminate the full blood and permit the white admixture and eventually the race will become white. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stolen Generations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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